Glutathione is involved in the metabolism of reactive oxygen species in stem cells

The redox state of stem cells is jointly determined by reactive oxygen species and the cellular antioxidant system. When the production of reactive oxygen species exceeds the processing capacity of the cellular antioxidant system composed of oxidoreductases and other antioxidant molecules, stem cells will undergo oxidative stress. excited.

Therefore, the antioxidant properties of stem cells are mainly maintained by increasing the scavenging ability of reactive oxygen species and reducing the production of reactive oxygen species, and glutathione can reduce the level of reactive oxygen species in cells by participating in these two pathways, thereby maintaining stem cells. Low levels of reactive oxygen species in the body. Stem cells with higher glutathione levels will benefit from this higher antioxidant status.

Studies have shown that lower levels of reactive oxygen species are beneficial for maintaining the self-renewal of stem cells and preventing possible adverse mutations that often compromise the integrity of the genetic genome.

The damage mechanism of reactive oxygen species to stem cells is mainly by inducing the oxidation of sulfhydryl groups in signaling proteins, resulting in changes in the activities of proteins related to the normal physiological functions of cells. However, reduced glutathione can react directly with reactive oxygen molecules such as hydroxyl radicals through sulfhydryl groups to convert them into inert products that are easily removed by metabolism, thereby expelling these reactive oxygen molecules from the body.

After the removal of reactive oxygen species, the reduced glutathione in cells can generate oxidized glutathione under the catalysis of glutathione peroxidase, which is then consumed by glutathione reductase. Reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) reduces it to reduced glutathione to ensure that the antioxidant effect of glutathione continues to occur in stem cells and the cellular antioxidant system maintenance.

Through the metabolic cycle of glutathione, the low reactive oxygen species level of stem cells is maintained, the oxidative damage of stem cells is prevented, and the normal operation of various functions of stem cells is ensured. Since intracellular reactive oxygen species are mainly derived from NADPH oxidase, some studies have found that reduced glutathione can also reduce the production of reactive oxygen species by inhibiting the activity of NADPH oxidase.

Through the increase of ROS scavenging ability and the reduction of ROS generation ability, glutathione effectively guarantees the normal functional activity of stem cells.

Tag: Glutathione

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