Carnosine- Your Antioxidant Assistant

When people are in contact with the outside world, the pollution and radiation from the outside world and their oxidative respiration all produce reactive oxygen radicals all the time. These free radicals will destroy the skin cell membrane in a free form, reduce the elasticity and luster of the skin, weaken the elasticity and activity of the cells, and even make the originally healthy cells lose their proper functions, resulting in dull, yellowing and aging skin. Wrinkles, fine lines, and spots.

Although the oxidation process of the human body is inevitable, we can still reduce the production of reactive oxygen species using anti-oxidation. At present, there are many means of anti-oxidation on the market. Cosmetics or diets rich in antioxidant ingredients can help the human body to supplement enough antioxidant ingredients, protect the integrity of cells, and promote the process of metabolism, to achieve anti-oxidation. Today, we will talk about the antioxidant magic weapon in a polypeptide - carnosine.

Studies have shown that carnosine can scavenge reactive oxygen radicals (ROS) and α-β unsaturated fatty aldehydes formed due to excessive acidification of fatty acids in cell membranes during oxidative stress, and has antioxidant effects. At the same time, carnosine also has high medicinal value, and carnosine supplementation can relieve some neurological diseases, including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, cancer, etc.

Carnosine is mainly found in metabolically active organs, such as skeletal muscle (1-20 mmol/Kg) and the brain. Carnosine in muscles has physiological functions such as buffering physiological pH, scavenging free radicals, enhancing antioxidant capacity, and affecting the regulation of calcium ions. In 1900, the Russian scholar Gulewitsch first isolated carnosine from beef extract, which was the first representative bioactive peptide isolated from natural raw materials.

Since Gulewitsch first isolated carnosine, for more than 100 years, scholars from various countries have extracted and separated different types of carnosine from different muscle tissues, such as anserine (β-alanyl-1-methyl-L-histidine, Anserine), Cetyl carnosine (β-alanyl-3-methyl-L-histidine, Balentine, also known as snake carnosine, Ophidian,), decarboxylated carnosine and other dipeptides have their advantages and characteristics.

Numerous studies have shown that carnosine has anti-aging, anti-glycation, antioxidant and chelating effects, and is popular because of its high activity, strong antioxidant properties, small molecular size, and high safety.

1.Anti-Oxidant

With the increase of age, the metabolism slows down, and some substances that cannot be metabolized will react on the skin, resulting in dark yellow and loose skin problems. Studies have shown that carnosine has strong antioxidant properties. Its histidine side chain residues can be used as hydrogen acceptors, which are mainly used to capture hydroxyl radicals and peroxidative radicals, and can scavenge reactive oxygen radicals (ROS) formed by excessive oxidation of fatty acids in cell membranes during the oxidation process of the human body. And α-β unsaturated aldehydes, and prevent the peroxidation of cell membrane fatty acids in the process of oxidative stress to achieve antioxidant effects.

2. Anti-Glycation

Skin glycation refers to the glycation reaction between excess "sugar" and protein in the human body to form advanced glucose oxidation end products (AGEs), resulting in collagen damage and sagging and yellowing skin problems. Carnosine binds the original sugar and acetaldehyde binding site in the protein in advance, so that the sugar cannot interact with the protein, to protect the protein from being glycosylated, to achieve the effect of anti-glycation. At the same time, carnosine can reduce natural proteins through transglycosylation, and has a certain ability to degrade AGEs precursor reactive carbonyl substances (RCS), thereby inhibiting advanced glucose oxidation end products (AGEs).

In an in vitro study of carnosine antiglycation, bovine serum albumin (BSA) and α-crystallin (Alfa crystallin) were added with malondialdehyde and incubated for 45 minutes and 120 minutes, respectively. Carnosine was added to the above mixture in a gradient increasing concentration, and its carbonyl protein was measured by UV spectrometer. The results showed that carnosine could inhibit the formation of carbonyl protein, thereby inhibiting the glycation reaction.

03. Other functions

l Chelated metal ions

Because carnosine molecular structure has 5 metal ion binding sites, such as 2 N atoms of imidazolyl, carboxyl, amino, and so on. Therefore, it has a chelating effect on metal ions (zinc Zn(ll), copper Cu(ll), iron Fe(ll), etc.). This chelation inhibits many harmful reactions in the human body. For example, carnosine can chelate iron ions to prevent them from promoting oxygen free radicals (ROS) and peroxidation reactions; the complexes formed by carnosine and copper Cu(ll) have similar exceeds the activity of oxide dismutase (SOD) and has strong antioxidant capacity; the complex of carnosine and zinc Zn(ll) has certain pharmacological functions, which can effectively inhibit the growth and reproduction of Helicobacter pylori.

In the face of damaged skin problems and blocking the source of damage to the skin, it is also necessary to repair the damaged skin. Carnosine is one of the best. It can not only play the role of anti-oxidation and anti-glycation, but also stimulate the regeneration of collagen and elastin, maintain cell stability, promote the process of skin metabolism, and thus play a repairing role in delaying aging and whitening.

l Repair conditioning

In the face of damaged skin problems and blocking the source of damage to the skin, it is also necessary to repair the damaged skin. Carnosine is one of the best, it can not only play the role of anti-oxidation and anti-glycation, but also stimulate the regeneration of collagen and elastin, maintain cell stability, and promote skin regeneration.

The process of metabolism plays a role in delaying aging and whitening.

l Other

Carnosine can be used in a wide range of fields. In addition to the above effects, carnosine also has other effects including preventing permanent cerebral ischemia and increasing corticosteroid content.

Tag: Carnosine

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