How To Produce Glutathione

In 1888, French scientist Rey-Pailhade discovered glutathione in yeast and named it "philothion". Later, in 1921, Hopkins discovered that it can be self-oxidative and contains glutamic acid and cysteine, and renamed it glutathione - "glutathione". With the development of crystal technology, glutathione was identified as a tripeptide composed of glutamic acid, cysteine and glycine in 1929. Subsequently, the chemical structure of glutathione was determined, but the limitation of raw materials made glutathione expensive, which hindered its practical application. In 1935, Hanington et al. synthesized glutathione by chemical methods, and then the optimized chemical synthesis method realized the commercialization of glutathione, and then Messier realized the production of glutathione by enzymatic catalysis or fermentation. In the early 1980s, Japan and other countries first began to produce glutathione by fermentation.

At present, the main preparation methods of glutathione are: chemical synthesis method, biological fermentation method and enzymatic method.

The glutathione synthesized by chemical synthesis method is difficult to be popularized because the active product is not easy to be separated and needs chemical separation, and the product purity is not high.

The biological fermentation process is relatively mature, but the production cycle is long, the yield is low, and the excessive by-products make the downstream process complicated, and it has begun to fall behind.

In recent years, the technology of enzymatic production of glutathione has gradually improved, and large-scale production has gradually begun.

The enzymatic method is also divided into the traditional method and the new method. The traditional method has high ATP cost, and the new method realizes ATP regeneration with low cost and less pollution.

Tag: Glutathione

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