The health effects of NMN

Nicotinamide Mononucleotide (NMN) is relatively safe among NAD+ precursors discovered so far. Research shows that 500 mg of NMN is safe and well tolerated by the human body. NMN has the potential to be used as a raw material for pharmaceuticals and health care products.

Proposed as a nutraceutical to prevent age-related physiological decline, NMN has been shown to improve diabetes and Alzheimer's disease, enhance aerobic capacity, and exhibit protective effects on the heart and blood vessels.

It suppresses inflammation and reduces oxidative stress, prevents arterial and endothelial dysfunction, and protects against heart failure, ischemia, and reperfusion.

The beneficial effects of NMN are primarily attributed to increasing NAD+ levels, thereby enabling the activity of Sirtuins and their potential targets.

1. Anti-inflammatory effect of NMN

Boosting NAD+ reduces inflammation. Inflammation is an adaptive process that occurs when the body is continually exposed to harmful stimuli. Recent studies have shown that inflammation is closely related to tumor proliferation and migration as well as many other diseases, and macrophages play an important role in the initiation, maintenance, and resolution of inflammation by producing various cytokines and growth factors.

There is good evidence that administration of NMN can increase cellular NAD + and suppress adipose tissue inflammation, studies have shown that NMN can inactivate macrophages, and NMN supplementation is an effective method to control macrophage activation in the treatment of chronic inflammation.

2. The health-care effect of NMN on diabetes

Hyperglycemia, the hallmark of diabetes, leads to a redox imbalance between NAD+ and NADH ratios, leading to oxidative stress and multiple metabolic syndromes.

In a trial of postmenopausal women with overweight or obesity and prediabetes, oral NMN supplementation (250 mg/day for 10 weeks) increased NAD+ content in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and improved skeletal muscle of insulin signaling and sensitivity.

3.NMN can improve intestinal health

The gut microbiota plays an important physiological role in host metabolic homeostasis, hormone secretion, and brain function. NMN can selectively stimulate the growth of beneficial bacteria such as bifidobacteria and lactobacilli. These bacteria have been linked to improved gut health, including preventing diarrhea, improving intestinal barrier function, reducing inflammation and supporting the immune system.

Additionally, activation of sirtuins by NAD+ precursors may also contribute to beneficial effects on the gut microbiota and gut health. Sirtuins are involved in regulating the intestinal microbiota and protecting intestinal endothelial cells from oxidative damage.

NMN also improves gut barrier function, which is important in preventing harmful bacteria and toxins from transferring from the gut into the bloodstream.

4. NMN can improve Alzheimer’s disease

A significant physiological feature of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is mitochondrial dysfunction. Mitochondria are the energy centers of cells and provide most of the ATP needed by cells through oxidative phosphorylation reactions. Mitochondria also regulate the overall quality of mitochondria and cellular ATP homeostasis through autophagy reactions, playing an important role in the survival and normal function of neurons.

Studies have shown that due to impaired autophagy function, the number of mitochondria in the hippocampus of AD patients is significantly higher than that in other tissues. Researchers supplemented appropriate amounts of NMN to transgenic nematodes and mice with damaged neurons. They found that mitophagy function was restored and memory impairment in nematodes and mice was improved. At the same time, increased NAD+ levels improved mitochondrial dysfunction and reduced neuronal death.

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